The exact origin of the city's current name is unknown, although it is widely accepted that the name derives from an Aboriginal language. The surrounding region of the Darling Downs is known for its rolling hills and pastures, agricultural produce, and historic homesteads. Prominent landmarks include Queens and Laurel Bank Park, the Empire Theatre, St James' Palace, and Mt Meewah. Toowoomba is also a centre of higher learning in the country and its institutions include the University of Southern Queensland. The city experiences a distinct four seasons and is home to festivals including the Autumn Feast and the Carnival of Flowers. It was the scene of several major events during Australia’s Victorian period, such as the War of Southern Queensland and Battle of One Tree Hill, and during the Federation period becoming a major artistic and cultural centre with the emergence of the Austral Society.Ī cathedral and university city, Toowoomba is known for its preserved Victorian-era and traditional Queenslander architecture, historic churches and gardens, food and coffee culture, street art and laneways, and numerous nature trails. Toowoomba’s centre streets were named after the history of the House of Stuart, and the city later became the viceregal summer retreat of Queensland’s governors. Its location was a key meeting place along the ancient pathways that led to Australia’s largest Indigenous festival in the sacred Bunya Mountains. Toowoomba is one of the oldest inland cities in Australia having been founded in 1849 on the lands of the Giabal and Jarowair. It is the third largest regional centre in Queensland, often referred to as the capital of the Darling Downs. Toowoomba is the second-most-populous inland city in the country after the nation's capital of Canberra, and hence the largest city on the Darling Downs. The urban population of Toowoomba as of the 2021 census was 142,163, having grown at an average annual rate of 1.45% over the previous two decades. It is 125 km (78 mi) west of Queensland's capital city Brisbane by road. Toowoomba ( / t ə ˈ w ʊ m b ə/ tə- WUUM-bə, nicknamed 'The Garden City' and 'T-Bar' ) is a city in the Toowoomba Region of the Darling Downs, Queensland, Australia.
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